Students’ and Teachers’ Understanding of the Concept of Democracy in the State of Jammu & Kashmir, India

Abstract

The purpose of this research study is to comprehend secondary school students’ and teachers’ sentiments 
concerning democracy in the state of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K). The key intention was to explore how school 
education plays a major role in infusing the ideas and values of democracy among students and teachers of 
J&K. To scrutinise the understanding of this concept, an exploratory study has been conducted. A total of 512 
students and 84 teachers from 10 schools in 5 different districts of J&K have been selected as samples by using 
purposive/ convenience sampling method. The researcher applied a self-developed questionnaire with semistructured interviews, focused group discussions and classroom observation as a part of the required field work. 
The findings of the study indicate that conceptualisation of the term ‘democracy’ amongst students is most 
commonly associated with some facets of liberal democracy through a general focus on elections and voting, 
majority rule and individual civil liberties. An aspect of consciously idealistic conception of democracy has been 
also found. Democracy is understood as a utopia that maintains equality, liberty, unity, and the constitutional 
rights. Overall, democracy, in reasonable terms, appears more common than what we might have initially 
presumed. Moreover, although the evidence is mixed, it appears that interpretations are more prevalent based 
on ideas of freedom and liberty. One central implication of the study will be fruitful to present curriculum and 
pedagogical practices to develop democratic classroom processes which can help to heal conflict hit society and 
instil hope for better future.