Filling the Gaps: Unlocking Teachers Skill Acquisition in Research Mentorship
Keywords:
Research Mentorship, Teacher Training, Professional Development, Self-Directed learning, Skill AcquisitionAbstract
Teacher-provided research mentorship is essential for developing students’ scholarly abilities. However, limited training results in skill gaps, presenting challenges for educators guiding student projects. This phenomenological study aimed to elucidate how teachers independently strengthen mentorship capacities when formal development opportunities are scarce. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight secondary school teachers actively engaged in mentoring. Data analysis identified four key themes on self-directed skill improvement strategies: pur- suing professional development, building collaborative partnerships, engaging in self-learning, and adapting ap- proaches. Findings provide insights into teachers’ intrinsic motivation to address competency deficiencies without structured training. Participants demonstrated commitment through informal learning channels like conferences, reading, collaborations, and reflective adjustments. The study offers a conceptual model to inform training interven- tions and communities promoting sustainable mentorship growth. By highlighting informal pathways, it furthers understanding of how teachers continuously cultivate expertise and advance student support amidst constraints. Ultimately, this suggests the importance of facilitating professional empowerment for optimized research learning
Downloads
References
Agricola, B.T., Prins, F.J., van der Schaaf, M.F., & van Tartwijk, J. (2018). Teachers’ diagnosis ofstudents’ research skills during the mentoring of the undergraduate thesis. Mentoring & Tutoring:Partnership in Learning, 26, 542 - 562.
Ahmad, Z., Ammar, M., & Al-Thani, N. J. (2021). Pedagogical models to implement effective STEMresearch experi- ence programs in high school students. Education Sciences, 11(11), 743.doi:10.3390/educsci11110743
Ambreen, M., & Arif, A. (2022). Self-directed professional development approach: A challenge forsecondary school teachers in Pakistan. International Research Journal of Education andInnovation, 3(1), 300-309. https://doi. org/10.53575/irjei.v3.01.26(22)300-309
Ambrose, S. A., Bridges, M. W., DiPietro, M., Lovett, M. C., & Norman, M. K. (2010). How learningworks: Seven research-based principles for smart teaching. John Wiley & Sons.
Arnesson, K., & Albinsson, G. (2017). Mentorship – a pedagogical method for integration of theoryand practice in higher education. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 3(3), 202-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/20 020317.2017.1379346
Balandya, E., Sunguya, B., Kidenya, B., Nyamhanga, T., Minja, I. K., Mahande, M., … Lyamuya, E.(2022). Joint research mentoring through the community of young research peers: A case for aunifying model for research mentorship at higher learning institutions. Advances in MedicalEducation and Practice, 13, 355-367. https:// doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S356678
Bliss, L. A. (2016). Phenomenological research. International Journal of Adult Vocational Educationand Technology, 7(3), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2016070102
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Sage. Brown, R.T., Daly, B.P., & Leong, F.T. (2009). Mentoring in research: A developmentalapproach. Professional Psy-
chology: Research and Practice, 40, 306-313.
Burns, E. C., Martin, A. J., & Collie, R. J. (2019). Examining the yields of growth feedback fromscience teachers and students’ intrinsic valuing of science: Implications for student‐ and school‐levelscience achievement. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(8), 1060-1082. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21546
Caruso, T. J., Kung, T., Piro, N., Li, J., Katznelson, L., & Dohn, A. (2019). A sustainable and effectivementorship model for graduate medical education programs. Journal of Graduate MedicalEducation, 11(2), 221-225. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-18-00650.2
Chopra, V., Edelson, D. P., & Saint, S. (2016). Mentorship malpractice. JAMA, 315(14),1453. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.2015.18884
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixedmethods approaches. Sage Publication
Crutcher, P. A., & Naseem, S. (2015). Cheerleading and cynicism of effective mentoring in currentempirical research.
Educational Review, 68(1), 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2015.1058749
Cutillas, A., Benolirao, E., Camasura, J., Golbin, R., Yamagishi, K., & Ocampo, L. (2023). Doesmentoring directly improve students’ research skills? Examining the role of information literacy andcompetency development. Education Sciences, 13(7), 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070694
DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. MedicalEducation, 40(4), 314-321.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x
Dopson, S. A., Griffey, S., Ghiya, N., Laird, S., Cyphert, A., & Iskander, J. (2017). Structuredmentoring for workforce engagement and professional development in public health settings. HealthPromotion Practice, 18(3), 327- 331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839916686927
Eby, L. T., Allen, T. D., Hoffman, B. J., Baranik, L. E., Sauer, J. B., Baldwin, S., Morrison, M. A., Kinkade, K. M., Maher, C. P., Curtis, S., & Evans, S. C. (2013). An interdisciplinary meta-analysis ofthe potential anteced- ents, correlates, and consequences of protege perceptions ofmentoring. Psychological Bulletin, 139(2), 441- 476. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029279
Eisenschmidt, E., & Oder, T. (2018). Does mentoring matter? On the way to collaborative schoolculture. Educational Process: International Journal, 7(1), 7-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2018.71.1
Faisal, Mansyur, A., & Firdaus, M. (2023). Impreci: Guiding model innovation produces reflectiveteachers in elemen- tary schools. Proceedings of the Unima International Conference on SocialSciences and Humanities (UNIC- SSH 2022), 455-464. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-35-0_57
Farrell, T. S. (2012). Reflecting on reflective practice: (Re)Visiting Dewey and Schon. TESOLJournal, 3(1), 7-16.
https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.10
Fereday, J., & Muir-Cochrane, E. (2006). Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: A hybridapproach of induc- tive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal ofQualitative Methods, 5(1), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500107
Fongkanta, P., Buakanok, F. S., Netasit, A., & Kruaphung, S. (2021). Teacher professionaldevelopment in research skill of teacher in non-formal education center, Lampang, Thailand. Journalof Education and Learning, 11(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v11n1p125
Fragkoulis, I., & Michalou, A. (2018). Investigating Teachers’ Perceptions on the Advisory Role ofthe Mentor in the Context of the Operation of the School Unit. International journal of sciences, 4,83-90. https://doi.
org/10.18483/ijsci.1608.
Gagliardi, A. R., Webster, F., & Straus, S. E. (2015). Designing a knowledge translation mentorshipprogram to sup- port the implementation of evidence-based innovations. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1). https://doi. org/10.1186/s12913-015-0863-7
Gandhi, M., Raj, T., Fernandez, R., Rispel, L., Nxumalo, N., Lescano, A. G., Bukusi, E. A., Mmbaga,B. T., Heim- burger, D. C., & Cohen, C. R. (2019). Mentoring the mentors: Implementation andevaluation of four Fogarty-sponsored mentoring training workshops in low-and middle-incomecountries. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100(1_Suppl), 20-28.https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0559
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2012). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research.Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151
Haynos, A. F., Coniglio, K., Murray, H. B., Utzinger, L., & Goldschmidt, A. B. (2021). A vertical peermentorship model to promote early career academic development: Implementation and initialoutcomes. https://doi.
org/10.31234/osf.io/8ch6k
Huang, X., & Lai, C. (2020). Connecting formal and informal workplace learning with teacherproactivity: A proactive motivation perspective. Journal of Workplace Learning, 32(6), 437-456.https://doi.org/10.1108/jwl-01-2020- 0005
Johnson, M.O., & Gandhi, M. (2014). A mentor training program improves mentoring competency forresearchers working with early-career investigators from underrepresented backgrounds. Advances inHealth Sciences Education, 20, 683 - 689.
Klinge, C. M. (2015). A conceptual framework for mentoring in a learning organization. AdultLearning, 26(4), 160- 166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045159515594154
Kpokiri, E. E., McDonald, K., Gebreyohannes, J. A., Osorio, L., Nath, T. C., Talavera-Urdanivia, V.A., Akinwale, P.
O., Manabe, Y. C., Castelnuovu, B., Tang, W., Yilma, D., Mihut, M., Ezechi, O.,Iwelunmor, J., Kaba, M., Abdissa, A., & Tucker, J. D. (2022). Research mentorship in low andmiddle-income countries: A global qualitative evidence synthesis of data from a crowdsourcing opencall and scoping review. https://doi.
org/10.1101/2022.09.19.22280121
Kuzma, N., Skuby, S., Souder, E., Cruz, M., Dickinson, B., Spector, N., & Calaman, S. (2016).Reflect, advise, plan: Faculty-facilitated peer-group mentoring to optimize individualized learningplans. Academic Pediatrics, 16(6), 503-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.06.002
Langdon, F., & Ward, L. (2015). Educative mentoring: A way forward. International Journal ofMentoring and Coach- ing in Education, 4(4), 240-254. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMCE-03-2015-0006
Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. HealthPromotion Prac- tice, 16(4), 473-475. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839915580941
McQuade, S., Davis, L., & Nash, C. (2015). Positioning mentoring as a coach development tool:Recommendations for future practice and research. Quest, 67(3), 317-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2015.1048810
Mero-Jaffe, I. (2011). “Is that what I said?” interview transcript approval by participants: An aspect ofeth-
ics in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 10(3), 231–247. https://doi.
org/10.1177/160940691101000304
Naicker, K., & Van Rensburg, G. H. (2018). Facilitation of reflective learning in nursing: Reflectiveteaching practices of educators. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/3386
Nyanjom, J. (2018). Calling to mentor: The search for mentor identity through the development ofmentor compe- tency. Educational Action Research, 28(2), 242-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650792.2018.1559069
O’ Sullivan, L., Feeney, L., Crowley, R. K., Sukumar, P., McAuliffe, E., & Doran, P. (2021). Anevaluation of the process of informed consent: Views from research participants andstaff. Trials, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/ s13063-021-05493-1
Orsini, C., Rodrigues, V., Tricio, J., & Rosel, M. (2022). Common models and approaches for theclinical educator to plan effective feedback encounters. Journal of Educational Evaluation for HealthProfessions, 19, 35. https:// doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.35
Oteifa, S., Dewidar, K., & Mansour, Y. (2023). Inclusive schools design: A phenomenologicalinvestigation into visually impaired lived experiences. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 11(3),1616-1631. https://doi.
org/10.13189/cea.2023.110340
Overall, N.C., Deane, K.L., & Peterson, E.R. (2011). Promoting doctoral students’ research self-efficacy: combining academic guidance with autonomy support. Higher Education Research &Development, 30, 791 - 805.
Pfund, C., House, S., Spencer, K., Asquith, P., Carney, P., Masters, K. S., McGee, R., Shanedling, J.,Vecchiarelli, S., & Fleming, M. (2012). A research mentor training curriculum for clinical andtranslational researchers. Clini- cal and Translational Science, 6(1), 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12009
Rowe-Johnson, M. (2018). Achieving ethical mentoring and mentee professional integrity throughformal mentor training for practicing psychologists. Training and Education in ProfessionalPsychology, 12(3), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000198
Schriever, V., & Grainger, P. (2019). Mentoring an early career researcher: Insider perspectives fromthe mentee and mentor. Reflective Practice, 20(6), 720-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2019.1674272
Sood, A., Tigges, B.B., & Helitzer, D.L. (2016). Mentoring Early-Career Faculty Researchers IsImportant-But First “Train the Trainer”. Academic medicine: Journal of the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges, 91 12, 1598-1600.
Steiner, J. F. (2014). Promoting mentorship in translational research. Academic Medicine, 89(5), 702-704. https://doi.
org/10.1097/acm.0000000000000205
Straus, S. E., Johnson, M. O., Marquez, C., & Feldman, M. D. (2013). Characteristics of successfuland failed mentor- ing relationships. Academic Medicine, 88(1), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e31827647a0
Tillema, H., & Westhuizen, G. J. (2015). Mentoring conversations and student teacherlearning. Mentoring for Learn- ing, 23-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-058-1_2
Tongco, M. D. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany Researchand Applications, 5, 147. https://doi.org/10.17348/era.5.0.147-158
Vater, A., Caster, R., Haddox, H., Olshefsky, A., Said, M., King, N. P., & Siegel, J. B. (2022).Perspective: Successes and challenges in developing a new Biomolecular modeling and designsummer high school research intern- ship. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.908936
Walkington, H., & Rushton, E.A. (2019). Ten Salient Practices for Mentoring Student Research inSchools: New Opportunities for Teacher Professional Development. Higher Education Studies.
Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, X., & Duan, Y. (2016). Impression management tactics of protégés andmentors’ knowledge-sharing behavior. Social Behavior and Personality, 44, 1825-1838. https://doi.org/10.2224/ SBP.2016.44.11.1825
Wilson, A. (2015). A guide to phenomenological research. Nursing Standard, 29(34), 38-43.https://doi.org/10.7748/ ns.29.34.38.e8821
Wong, F. M., Tang, A. C., & Cheng, W. L. (2021). Factors associated with self-directed learningamong undergradu- ate nursing students: A systematic review. Nurse Education Today, 104,104998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nedt.2021.104998
Wu, L. (2021). A self-narrative study on self-directed professional development of a high schoolEnglish intern teacher. Frontiers in Educational Research, 4(8). https://doi.org/10.25236/FER.2021.040814
Xu, X., & Payne, S. C. (2013). Quantity, quality, and satisfaction with mentoring. Journal of CareerDevelopment, 41(6), 507-525. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845313515946
Zachary, L. J., & Fain, L. Z. (2022). The mentor’s guide: Facilitating effective learningrelationships (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal Of Teacher Education & Teaching

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
-
Copyright Ownership
All content published in this journal, including articles, images, and other materials, is the exclusive property of the journal. Authors transfer the copyright to the journal upon acceptance for publication. -
Usage Rights
The journal holds the rights to publish, reproduce, distribute, and archive all accepted works in any format or medium. Authors may share their published work for non-commercial purposes with proper acknowledgment of the journal as the original publisher. -
Open Access Policy
Articles are made available for reading and downloading for educational and research purposes. Any commercial use or reproduction requires prior written permission from the journal. -
Restrictions
Users may not alter, sell, or republish the content without formal authorization from the journal. -
Third-Party Content
Any material not owned by the journal is clearly identified, and separate permissions may be required for its use. -
Disclaimer
While every effort is made to ensure accuracy, the journal is not liable for any misuse, errors, or omissions in published content. Authors are responsible for the originality and authenticity of their submissions.